We investigated changes in mRNA expression of the somatotropic, thyrotropic, and corticotropic axes of Langshan (LS) and Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens during embryonic and postnatal development. We found an inverse expression profile between pituitary growth hormone (GH) and hepatic GH receptor mRNA [postnatal d (P)28 to P42], insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-IR (P0 to P42), respectively. Hepatic IGF-I was a major point of control in the GH-IGF axis from P0 to P28. Pituitary GH-releasing hormone receptor may serve an autocrine-paracrine function from P0 to P28, and hypothalamic ghrelin may affect growth by stimulating the release of hepatic IGF-I from embryonic d (E)8 to P28. Hypothalamic ghrelin might interact with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from P0 to P28. Hepatic IGF-binding protein-2 regulated growth by regulating hepatic IGF-II bioavailability from P0 to P42. Hepatic IGF-binding protein-5 was an important IGF mediator. A coexpression profile was found between hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (E10 to E16 and P0 to P42), somatostatin (SS; P0 to P28), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (E10 to E16 and P0 to P28), ghrelin (P0 to P42), and pituitary GH mRNA, hypothalamic SS (P0 to P28), corticotropin-releasing hormone (P0 to P42), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (E10 to E18 and P0-P42), and thyroid-stimulating hormone-beta mRNA, respectively. Moreover, AA chickens were fed a nutrient-rich AA diet (as a control group) and LS chickens were fed either a less nutritious LS diet or the AA diet. Langshan and AA chickens fed the same AA diet showed no differences in pituitary GH, hypothalamic SS, ghrelin, hepatic IGF-I, or GH receptor mRNA. Our data indicate that select genes may show parallel expression during certain periods of development, and that differences in BW and gene expression respond differently to nutrient intake in LS and AA chickens. Our findings may help improve the molecular breeding of chickens.