The cumulative number of AIDS cases diagnosed in Poland in 1986 to 2006 reached 1929, and 855 AIDS deaths were registered during this time. In recent years a minor upward trend in AIDS incidence is observed with the highest numbers of incident cases in 2004- 175 (incidence 0.46 per 100,000) and 2006 -156 (0.41 per 100,000). The number of reported deaths decreased from 64 in 2005 to 44 in 2006. Taking into account the official life statistics data, AIDS deaths might be underreported. In 2006, with 750 newly detected HIV infections, the incidence (2.0 per 100,000) was higher than observed during recent years. Injecting drug users constituted the most numerous risk group both among the AIDS cases (51.9%) and the HIV infection cases (15.2% of all cases and 52.5% of cases with known transmission route). In 2006 the infection was diagnosed in 15 children of infected mothers. The proportion of reports of HIV infections with missing information on the risk group though remained very high (71.1% of all 2006 reports). In order to monitor the epidemiological situation better quality of data will need to be assured.