Role of retinoic acid in the imprinting of gut-homing IgA-secreting cells

Semin Immunol. 2009 Feb;21(1):28-35. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2008.08.002. Epub 2008 Sep 18.

Abstract

Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) lodging in the mucosa of the small intestine are derived from activated B cells that are thought to arise in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Upon leaving the GALT, B cells return to the blood where they must express the gut-homing receptors alpha4beta7 and CCR9 in order to emigrate into the small bowel. Recent evidence indicates that gut-associated dendritic cells (DCs) in GALT induce gut-homing receptors on B cells via a mechanism that depends on the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA). In addition, although ASC associated with other mucosal tissues secrete IgA in an RA-independent fashion, the presence of high levels of RA in intestine and GALT can promote B cell class switching to IgA and thus, boost the production of IgA in the intestinal mucosa. Here, we discuss the role of RA in the imprinting of gut-homing ASC and the evidence linking RA with the generation of intestinal IgA-ASCs.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / immunology
  • Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism*
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cell Movement / immunology*
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Cytokines / metabolism
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / immunology*
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin A / biosynthesis
  • Immunoglobulin A / immunology*
  • Receptors, CCR / immunology
  • Receptors, CCR / metabolism
  • Receptors, Nicotinic / immunology
  • Receptors, Nicotinic / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / immunology
  • Tretinoin / immunology
  • Tretinoin / metabolism*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Cytokines
  • Immunoglobulin A
  • Receptors, CCR
  • Receptors, Nicotinic
  • Tretinoin