New technologies and methods allow better diagnosis of renal and urinary tract diseases. On one hand the safe handling of renal biopsies and on the other hand the precise measurement of test strips and urinary sediment analysis obtained by automatic reading devices, flow cytometry (UF-100) or video imaging (Iris) and/or the cost effective cell chamber systems (KOVA), and the measurement of cystatin C in the serum and the differentiated protein analyses in urine, make possible earlier and better diagnoses. The exclusive analyses of the traditional urinary sediment and creatinin values are considered not being sufficient to exclude a renal disease. The follow-up with precise values allow for early intervention in case of failure of therapy (i.e. urinary tract infection) or deterioration of an underlying disease.