Intraglomerular hypertension, and glomerular hypertrophy, leading to glomerular scarring are suggested to have an effect on the progression in chronic kidney disease, unrelated to the initial cause of kidney injury. Tubulointerstitial disease is another factor, which may affect the prognosis. Strategies to prevent or minimize the progression of kidney disease consist of treating these disease-worsening mechanisms, including smoking cessation, treatment of hyperlipidemia, sodium and protein restriction, antihypertensive therapy, inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and treatment of anemia. Studies in experimental animals and humans suggest that these therapies are effective to prevent the progression in chronic kidney disease and there are some evidences that these therapies have benefits in the patients with chronic kidney disease.