Assessment of the genotoxicity of S9-generated metabolites using the GreenScreen HC GADD45a-GFP assay

Mutagenesis. 2009 Jan;24(1):35-50. doi: 10.1093/mutage/gen050. Epub 2008 Sep 11.

Abstract

Genotoxicity can be assessed by monitoring expression of a GADD45a-GFP reporter in the human lymphoblastoid cell line TK6. A flow cytometric method has been developed to effectively distinguish GFP fluorescence from coloured and fluorescent test samples as well from the S9 liver extracts used to generate metabolites from pro-genotoxins. The method includes the use of propidium iodide exclusion for the determination of cellular viability. This paper describes the method development, the derivation of decision thresholds for the identification of genotoxins using the method, and presents data from a 56-compound validation study of the method. The results illustrate that the method permitted the detection of the majority of pro-genotoxins tested and, importantly, the high specificity of the GADD45a-GFP assay was maintained.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Carcinogens / analysis
  • Carcinogens / toxicity*
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Extracts / chemistry
  • Cell Extracts / toxicity
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival
  • DNA Damage*
  • Flow Cytometry / methods*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / genetics
  • Humans
  • Liver / chemistry
  • Liver / drug effects
  • Liver / metabolism
  • Male
  • Mutagens / analysis
  • Mutagens / toxicity*
  • Nuclear Proteins / biosynthesis*
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics
  • Propidium / toxicity
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Sensitivity and Specificity

Substances

  • Carcinogens
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cell Extracts
  • GADD45A protein, human
  • Mutagens
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Propidium