The aim of this article is to present two learning-based models for chronic pain, which have been found to be effective in the treatment of various chronic pain conditions. The article intends to give an introduction to the understanding of chronic pain conditions and the mechanisms thought to influence both the transition from acute to chronic pain and the maintenance of the condition. The emphasis will be on theoretical conceptualization and practical guidelines concerning the treatment principles. Some recommendations for future research areas will be presented in the concluding notes.