China heads the list in the world's chemical fertilizers production and consumption. In 2006, the chemical fertilizers production in this country was 5304.8 x 10(4) t, being 14.2% higher than that in 2005. At present, its chemical nitrogen application rate is averagely more than 220 kg hm(-2), and phosphorous fertilizer application rate is more than 102 kg hm(-2) (P2O5) in single growing season. Some chemical fertilizers in use contain toxic by-components such as heavy metals, inorganic acids and organic pollutants, and thus, a long-term application of these chemical fertilizers can possibly induce the accumulation of these by-components in soil, resulting in the worsening of soil ecological environment, and making the heavy metals, nitrate, and other harmful components in agricultural products including vegetables, grains and fruits seriously surpassed the standards. In this paper, the causes, characteristics, and consequences of soil contamination via chemical fertilizers application were discussed, and some countermeasures for the mitigation of agro-ecological environmental pollution by chemical fertilizers were put forward.