Pathological processes disturbing function of renal proximal tubules, increase activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP-1) in urine. FBP-1 is cytosolic enzyme which occured mainly in cells of proximal renal tubules, and to small extent in cells of pars recta. After damage to the cell membrane FBP-1 is more rapidly excreted to the urine, than enzymes residing in other cell organelles. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was isolated from rabbit muscle in 1943 by Gomori, and from spinach in 1958 by Racker i Schröder. Highest activity of FBP-1 was found in liver and kidneys, lesser in ileum, leucocytes, muscles and brain. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase is one of four key enzymes of gluconeogenesis performing synthesis of glucose from non sugar substrates. FBP-1 catalyses hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in cytoplasm of the cell. There are many reports on properties and significance of FBP-1 in plant and animal tissues, but only few reports on activity of this enzyme in urine. Reason for little interest in determination of FBP-1 activity in urine, is relative instability of this enzyme in urine.