The aim of the study was to assess the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and polymorphisms of genes coding for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-[beta]1), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). A sample of 181 newborns with mean gestational age of 28 wk was prospectively evaluated. Molecular analysis of TGF-[beta]1 -800G>A, -509C>T, 10T>C, 25G>C, VEGF -460T>C and 405G>C and MTHFR 677C>T polymorphisms were performed and the number of CA repeats in the promoter region of IGF-1 gene was assessed. The frequency of all TGF-[beta]1, IGF-1, and MTHFR polymorphisms, as well as the frequency of VEGF 405G>C polymorphism was similar in all groups. The newborns with -460TT and -460CT genotypes were significantly overrepresented in the BPD groups compared with the no BPD group. Multivariate analysis revealed that carrying T allele increased the risk of BPD by 9% (95%CI: 2-14%) above the baseline risk established for given gestational age, length of oxygen therapy, and sex. Based on our data from a single center, we propose that VEGF -460T>C polymorphism may influence the risk of BPD.