Schistosomiasis, an endemic disease in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, is a major public health problem in Asir Province, the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia. The ongoing control program has concentrated on the elimination of the snail host by the use of chemical molluscicides, and on early detection and treatment of infected cases. Certain factors peculiar to this region make the application of the control strategy a difficult task. Thus, these methods of control over the years have not been very effective. Factors such as geography, climate, hydrographic conditions of this region, sources and spread of infection, and the role of primary health care centers are discussed in order to formulate plans for better control. Proper health planning is a dynamic process, and must constantly change based on past experience and epidemiological research.