Tumor necrosis factor and interferon: cytokines in harmony

Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008 Aug;11(4):378-83. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.05.015. Epub 2008 Jul 1.

Abstract

Individually, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the various interferons frequently display strong antiviral activities. Certain combinations of these cytokines, however, induce a synergistic antiviral state which is distinct from that induced by either one alone. This novel synergistic antiviral state likely occurs through several possible mechanisms, involves multiple signaling pathways, and inhibits a wider range of viruses than the individual cytokines alone. While underappreciated when first discovered, this synergistic phenomenon is proving to be of a much broader scope than initially thought. More work is needed to refine our understanding of this observation and its physiological implications for anti-pathogen responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antiviral Agents / immunology*
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions
  • Humans
  • Interferons / immunology*
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology*
  • Virus Diseases / immunology*

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Interferons