There are scant prospective studies defining improvements in critical outcome measures with hormone replacement in hypopituitarism secondary to brain injury. We review the tests of cognition and physical function and summarize their use for subjects that are deficient in anterior hormone production during anterior pituitary hormone replacement in brain injury and propose these as the minimal tests that are feasible for a physician to perform in a clinical setting. We summarize the studies conducted to assess outcome measures after brain injury and also report preliminary findings for improvements in cognition and physical function in subjects with brain injury and GH deficiency.