For very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions widely depend on hematological values. Although ethnic differences for hematologic parameters have been reported, few studies have been reported for Korean VLBW infants. This study aimed at defining the hematological reference values for medical research and clinical practice. Retrospectively we selected 149 infants confirmed as healthy at birth and had no medical conditions that may have affected the hematological profile. Hematological values obtained within the first 4 h after birth were classified into gestational age and we determined the influence of gender, mode of delivery, sampling site, 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores on these values. Red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values increased, whereas the white blood cell (WBC) and platelets decreased as the gestational age increased. In relation to the mode of delivery and the 5-min Apgar score, WBC, neutrophil, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RBC, Hb, Hct and the platelets differed selectively. No differences in any hematological values were observed in relation to gender, sampling site, and the 1-min Apgar score. This study should be useful as a guide to the reference range of these hematological values for Korean VLBW infants.