C1q, a subunit of the C1 complex, plays a key role in the recognition of immune complexes to initiate the classical complement pathway. In this study, we reported two C1q-like cDNAs from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi), mC1q-like-1 (mC1qL1) and mC1q-like-2 (mC1qL2). The full-length cDNA of mC1qL1was 990bp, containing a 71bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF) of 723bp, and a 196bp long 3'-UTR. mC1qL2 cDNA was 1193bp, containing a 100bp 5'-UTR, followed by an ORF of 756bp and a 3'-UTR of 337bp. mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 share 29% identity in amino acid sequence. Both mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 contained three parts: a short amino-terminal region, a collagen-like region and a carboxyl-terminal globular C1q domain. The phylogenetic analysis showed that mC1qL1 clustered with two Danio rerio hypothetical proteins and further grouped with C1q proteins, while mC1qL2 clustered with C1qA proteins from other species. In healthy mandarin fish, mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 were expressed in all tissues tested, including liver, spleen, head kidney, caudal kidney, intestine and gill. mC1qL1 was highly expressed in head kidney, while mC1qL2 was mainly expressed in spleen. The expression level of mC1qL1 and mC1qL2 in liver were not changed obviously and mC1qL2 was significantly changed (p<0.05) in spleen after infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) infection. Mandarin fish C1q may play a role in response to ISKNV infection.