Background: It has been suggested in recent studies that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through regulating ovarian tissue remodeling. In addition to degrading the extracellular matrix, MMPs exhibit the ability to cleave insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), the major regulator of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in serum. The present study aimed to investigate the possible role of MMPs in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
Methods: Serum levels of MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), IGF-I and IGFBP-1 were measured in 42 patients with PCOS and 30 healthy women with regular menstruation, matched for age and body mass index. Correlation between IGFBP-1 and other parameters in the PCOS group was analyzed by Pearson's linear correlations.
Results: Serum MMP-9 concentrations and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly higher in PCOS women than in controls. Serum levels of IGFBP-1 were markedly lower in the PCOS group. There was a negative correlation between serum IGFBP-1 and MMP-9 in women with PCOS.
Conclusion: Our results raise the possibility that MMPs may be implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS either by regulating ovarian tissue remodeling or indirectly by facilitating IGF-I bioavailability through proteolysis of IGFBP-1.