A rapid detection method for nucleic acid based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) from the luminescence donor Renilla luciferase to an acceptor quantum dot upon oligonucleotide probe hybridization has been developed. Utilizing a competitive assay, we detected the target nucleic acid by correlating the BRET signal with the amount of target present in the sample. This method allows for the detection of as little as 4 pmol (20 nM) of nucleic acid in a single-step, homogeneous format both in vitro in a buffer matrix as well as in a cellular matrix. Using this method, one may perform nucleic acid detection in as little as 30 min, showing much improvement over time-consuming blotting methods and solid-phase methods which require multiple wash steps to remove unbound probe. This is the first report on the use of quantum dots as a BRET acceptor in the development of a nucleic acid hybridization assay.