Abstract
Trafficking of T lymphocytes to specific organs, such as the skin and lungs, is part of the body's defense mechanism following acute psychological stress. Here we demonstrate that T lymphocytes are also trafficking to the brain in response to psychological stress and are needed to alleviate its negative behavioral consequences. We show that short exposure of mice to a stressor (predator odor) enhanced T-cell infiltration to the brain, especially to the choroid plexus, and that this infiltration was associated with increased ICAM-1 expression by choroid plexus cells. Systemic administration of corticosterone could mimic the effects of psychological stress on ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, we found that the ability to cope with this stress is interrelated with T-cell trafficking and with the brain and hippocampal BDNF levels. Immunization with a CNS-related peptide reduced the stress-induced anxiety and the acoustic startle response, and restored levels of BDNF, shown to be important for stress resilience. These results identified T cells as novel players in coping with psychological stress, and offers immunization with a myelin-related peptide as a new therapeutic approach to alleviate chronic consequences of acute psychological trauma, such as those found in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Adaptation, Psychological / drug effects
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Adaptation, Psychological / physiology
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / administration & dosage
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
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Anxiety / etiology
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Anxiety / prevention & control
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Anxiety / psychology*
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Behavior, Animal / physiology*
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Brain / drug effects
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Brain / immunology
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Brain / metabolism
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / immunology
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / metabolism
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Choroid Plexus / drug effects
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Choroid Plexus / immunology
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Choroid Plexus / metabolism
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Corticosterone / administration & dosage
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Corticosterone / pharmacology
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Exploratory Behavior / drug effects
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Exploratory Behavior / physiology
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Hippocampus / drug effects
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Hippocampus / immunology
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Hippocampus / metabolism
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Immunization / methods*
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Immunohistochemistry
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Injections, Subcutaneous
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / immunology
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / metabolism
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Maze Learning / drug effects
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Maze Learning / physiology
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Reflex, Startle / drug effects
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Reflex, Startle / physiology
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Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / complications*
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Stress, Psychological / complications
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Stress, Psychological / psychology
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T-Lymphocytes / cytology
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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Vaccines, Subunit / administration & dosage
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Vaccines, Subunit / immunology
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
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Vaccines, Subunit
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Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
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Corticosterone