Background: Dengue infection may cause neurological manifestations such as encephalitis, myelitis, mononeuropathies, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS). In endemic regions, the infection course can be oligosymptomatic making difficult the diagnosis of the neurological picture associated with dengue infection.
Objective: To report dengue infection and GBS association, even in oligosymptomatic cases of this infection.
Method: During the dengue epidemic in Rio de Janeiro city we looked for GBS cases, testing IgM antibodies for dengue and dengue polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.
Results: We report seven cases (46.6%), presenting dengue positive IgM in serum but with poor or without clinical symptoms of the previous infection. Two of them had also positive IgM antibodies in CSF.
Conclusion: These data show that search for dengue infection should be a routine in GBS cases living in endemic areas.