Rodents re-exposed to the elevated plus-maze no longer respond to anxiolytic-like drugs, such as benzodiazepines. This phenomenon is thought to be due to retrieval of aversive learning associated with the initial exploration of this potentially dangerous environment Based on this assumption, one might expect the maintenance of the drug's anxiolytic-like effect in rodents already experienced in the elevated plus-maze if the acquisition and/or consolidation of this learning were impaired. Using male Wistar rats, we investigated whether the systemic administration of propranolol, at putative learning-impairing doses, prior to or immediately after the first (Trial 1) elevated plus-maze exposure would retain the midazolam anxiolytic-like effect on the second (Trial 2) exposure to this apparatus. There was an anxiolytic-like effect, characterized by an increase in the open-arms exploration, in response to 0.25 mg/kg of midazolam on Trial 2 only in rats administered with 20 mg/kg of propranolol before Trial 1. Although propranolol had a dose-dependent and behaviorally-selective anti-anxiety effect (significant at 20 mg/kg) on Trial 1, further minute-by-minute analysis confirmed the propranolol-induced learning acquisition deficit in this group on Trial 2. The knowledge of the environment actually contributes to the unresponsiveness to anxiolytic-like drugs observed in rats re-exposed to the elevated plus-maze.