At time t after an initial quench, an aging system responds to a perturbation turned on at time tw<t in a way mainly depending on the number of intermittent energy fluctuations, so-called quakes, which fall within the observation interval (tw,t] [P. Sibani, G. F. Rodriguez, and G. G. Kenning, Phys. Rev. B 74, 224407 (2006); P. Sibani, Eur. J. Phys. B 58, 483 (2007)]. The temporal distribution of the quakes implies a functional dependence of the average response on the ratio t/tw . Further insight is obtained imposing small temperature steps, so-called T shifts. The average response as a function of t/tw,eff , where tw,eff is the effective age, is similar to the response of a system aged isothermally at the final temperature. Using an Ising model with plaquette interactions, the applicability of analytic formulas for the average isothermal magnetization is confirmed. The T -shifted aging behavior of the model is approximately described using effective ages. Large positive shifts nearly reset the effective age. Negative T shifts offer a more detailed probe of the dynamics. Assuming the marginal stability of the "current" attractor against thermal noise fluctuations, the scaling form tw,eff=tw x and the dependence of the exponent x on the aging temperatures before and after the shift are theoretically available. The predicted form of x has no adjustable parameters. Both the algebraic scaling of the effective age and the form of the exponent reasonably agree with the data. The present simulations thus confirm the crucial role of marginal stability in glassy relaxation.