Neurological complications are among the most common in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.p.) infection and appear in up to 4,8 % of M.p.-infected patients . Whereas direct intracerebral infection can occur and often puts patients into critical, intensive care-requiring conditions, different forms of parainfectious autoimmune Guillain-Barré-syndrome (GBS) and Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) make up the most frequent neurological complications. M.p.-associated alterations of the blood count are common, and sometimes can take a dramatical course. We here report a 64-year-old female and a 53-year-old male patient who both suffered from severe parainfectious autoimmune neurological syndromes in combination with different forms of anemia, in the case of the first patient to a transfusion-requiring degree. With this report we would like to stress the importance to include M.p. in the diagnostic procedures in the case of inflammatory neurological syndromes, especially when combined with alterations of the blood count.