Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is one of the most common reasons patients seek the opinion of a gynecologist. This article reviews the causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and the relevant differential diagnosis. Laboratory and radiologic studies pertinent to the evaluation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding are delineated. Medical therapy is the principal tenet of treatment and is summarized for both acute and chronic bleeding. Surgical options are also discussed, as well as treatments of other causes of abnormal uterine bleeding.