The adsorption of three modified dextrins on the basal plane of talc has been studied using in situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The images have been used to determine the layer thickness and coverage of the adsorbed polymers. Adsorption isotherms of the polymers on talc particles were also determined using the depletion technique. Values of the adsorbed amount at equilibrium were compared with the volume of adsorbed material as determined using in situ TMAFM, revealing the presence of significant amounts of hydration water in the adsorbed layer structure. This deduction was confirmed by comparing in and ex situ TMAFM images of the adsorbed dextrins. The effect of layer thickness, coverage, and hydration water content on the contact angle of talc particles treated with polymer was investigated using the Washburn method and the equilibrium capillary pressure (ECP) method. Distinct correlations were observed between adsorbed layer properties and the measured contact angles, with the ECP measurements especially highlighting the effect of the adsorbed polymer layer hydration water. The implications for the performance of the modified dextrins in flotation are discussed.