Background: Infective endocarditis due to viridans streptococci is associated with a mortality of 5-10%. Even today, it remains difficult to diagnose it at an early stage, to select a sufficient antibiotic therapy and to choose the right time for surgical intervention.
Case report: A 37-year-old male patient presented with anemia, fever, adynamia and a loud systolic murmur over the base of the heart. Blood culture data were positive for Streptococcus mitis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed an endocarditis of the aortic and mitral valve with regurgitations as well as a hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The hemodynamically stable patient was treated with penicillin G, gentamicin and verapamil. Because of an extension of valve vegetations and a decline in the hemodynamic situation with an incipient sepsis, the patient was surgically treated urgently by replacement of the aortic and mitral valve as well as a Morrow septal myectomy. A postoperative sepsis required the application of high catecholamine doses. Because of a respiratory insufficiency, a prolonged mechanical ventilation was required. Finally, the patient could be discharged for in-hospital rehabilitation.
Conclusion: The indication for surgical therapy in patients with endocarditis of the aortic and mitral valve as well as hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy should be critically discussed with regard to the patient's age, the aims of conservative therapy, and the consequences of a surgical intervention. If there are any indices of a disease progress in spite of antibiotic therapy, patients should be subjected to cardiac surgery immediately.