The authors present a retrospective analysis of community-acquired and hospital-acquired rotaviral gastroenteritis (RVGE) cases in a 5 years period 2001-2005 and prospective analysis in 2006 in the referral area in a population of 7,000 children under 5 years of age. Out of 228 patients with RVGE, nosocomial RVGE accounted for 27.75% of the cases. Children with nosocomial RVGE were in average 9.8 months younger compared to patients with community-acquired RVGE. Nosocomial cases were also characterised by the need for longer stay in intensive care, overall longer hospital stay, longer duration of the illness and by lower age of the patients. The wider implementation of vaccination in the youngest members of the population would be likely to have a significant influence on the occurrence of not only community-acquired but also hospital-acquired RVGE.