Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynaecological cancers in western countries. Most women are diagnosed at an early stage of the disease and can be cured by surgery alone. In patients with poor prognostic factors or an advanced disease, the chance of progression-free survival and overall survival is greatly diminished. Adjuvant chemotherapy is effective for patients with advanced disease. The combination of doxorubicin and cisplatin achieves overall response rates ranging from 34 to 60%, and the addition of paclitaxel seems to improve the outcome of patients with advanced disease, but it induces a significantly higher toxicity. A Gynecologic Oncology Study Group phase-III study is currently exploring the triplet paclitaxel+doxorubicin+cisplatin plus G-CSF vs. the less toxic combination of paclitaxel+carboplatin. Ongoing and planned phase-III trials are evaluating newer combination chemotherapy regimens, a combination of irradiation and chemotherapy and the implementation of targeted therapies with the goal of improving the tumour control rate and quality of life.