The potential of three-wavelength Raman-lidar observations for a detailed optical and physical characterization of atmospheric particles is exemplified through a case study of measurements from 9 August 1998 of the Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment. Backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm allow one to estimate the vertical profiles of the volume concentration distribution and the complex refractive index with an inversion scheme. Subsequently the single-scattering albedo is calculated.