Linkage studies have suggested that chromosome 15q13-q14 may harbor a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia. In the current study, the association between a (TG)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at D15S976 and schizophrenia was investigated using two independent samples from the Han Chinese population. In a population-based study, no significant difference was found between the genotype and allele frequency distributions in schizophrenia patients and control subjects. In a family-based study, no significant transmission disequilibrium from heterozygous parents to affected offspring was observed. Further analysis of the parent-of-origin effect found nominally significant allele-wise transmission disequilibrium through maternal transmissions, while 157bp and 159bp alleles showed significant individual allelic transmission disequilibrium from heterozygous mothers to affected offspring. Our results did not support the hypothesis that the (TG)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphism plays a major role in schizophrenia susceptibility in the Chinese population. Further studies are needed to elucidate the putative parent-of-origin effect and its role in schizophrenia susceptibility.