A three-dimensional model of the dimeric reaction center-light harvesting I-PufX (RC-LH1-PufX) complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, calculated from electron microscope single particle analysis of negatively stained complexes, shows that the two halves of the dimer molecule incline toward each other on the periplasmic side, creating a remarkable V-shaped structure. The distribution of negative stain is consistent with loose packing of the LH1 ring near the 14th LH1 alpha/beta pair, which could facilitate the migration of quinone and quinol molecules across the LH1 boundary. The three-dimensional model encloses a space near the reaction center Q(B) site and the 14th LH1 alpha/beta pair, which is approximately 20 angstroms in diameter, sufficient to sequester a quinone pool. Helical arrays of dimers were used to construct a three-dimensional membrane model, which matches the packing lattice deduced from electron microscope analysis of the tubular dimer-only membranes found in mutants of Rba. sphaeroides lacking the LH2 complex. The intrinsic curvature of the dimer explains the shape and approximately 70-nm diameter of these membrane tubules, and at least partially accounts for the spherical membrane invaginations found in wild-type Rba. sphaeroides. A model of dimer aggregation and membrane curvature in these spherical membrane invaginations is presented.