In vivo evaluation of a transdermal codrug of 6-beta-naltrexol linked to hydroxybupropion in hairless guinea pigs

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2008 Apr 23;33(4-5):371-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2008.01.006. Epub 2008 Jan 31.

Abstract

6-Beta-naltrexol is the major active metabolite of naltrexone, NTX, a potent mu-opioid receptor antagonist used in the treatment of alcohol dependence and opioid abuse. Compared to naloxone, NTX has a longer duration of action largely attributed to 6-beta-naltrexol. This study was carried out in order to determine percutaneous absorption of a transdermal codrug of naltrexol, 6-beta-naltrexol-hydroxybupropion codrug (CB-NTXOL-BUPOH), in hairless guinea pigs as well as to evaluate the safety of 6-beta-naltrexol for development as a transdermal dosage form. This codrug may be useful in the simultaneous treatment of alcohol dependence and tobacco addiction. The carbonate codrug traversed the skin at a faster rate than 6-beta-naltrexol. 6-Beta-naltrexol equivalent steady state plasma concentrations of 6.4 ng/ml were obtained after application of the codrug as compared to 1.2 ng/ml from 6-beta-naltrexol base. The steady state plasma concentration of hydroxybupropion after codrug application was 6.9 ng/ml. Skin sensitization and irritation tested in the hairless guinea pigs using the Buehler method revealed that 6-beta-naltrexol had no skin sensitizing potential. The method was validated with a known sensitizer, p-phenylenediamine, which induced sensitization in 90% of the animals. 6-beta-Naltrexol caused only mild transient skin irritation after the initial application of the patch. During subsequent applications, erythema was slightly increased but no skin damage was observed. In conclusion, a transdermal codrug of 6-beta-naltrexol could be a viable alternative treatment for alcohol and opiate abuse.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Alcohol-Related Disorders / drug therapy
  • Animals
  • Bupropion / administration & dosage
  • Bupropion / adverse effects
  • Bupropion / analogs & derivatives*
  • Bupropion / chemistry
  • Bupropion / pharmacokinetics
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Drug Delivery Systems / methods*
  • Female
  • Guinea Pigs
  • Male
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Molecular Structure
  • Naltrexone / administration & dosage
  • Naltrexone / adverse effects
  • Naltrexone / analogs & derivatives*
  • Naltrexone / chemistry
  • Naltrexone / pharmacokinetics
  • Prodrugs / administration & dosage*
  • Prodrugs / adverse effects
  • Prodrugs / chemistry
  • Prodrugs / pharmacokinetics
  • Skin / drug effects
  • Skin Absorption / drug effects*
  • Skin Irritancy Tests
  • Smoking Cessation / methods

Substances

  • Prodrugs
  • Bupropion
  • 6 beta-hydroxynaltrexone
  • Naltrexone
  • radafaxine