Furosemide is a commonly used loop diuretic in neonatal intensive care. The common indications for the use of diuretics in neonates are fluid retention with adequate circulating blood volume, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease (now rarely used) and acute kidney injury. This article discusses the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury in neonates and explores and maps the role of furosemide in this clinical situation. This is meant to be an easy to read, easy to digest, practical review for the jobbing clinician.