Purpose of review: Urolithiasis is a common urological problem, often requiring efficient workup, accurate diagnosis, and treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the imaging modalities employed for the diagnosis of calculi and the caveats of different clinical situations.
Recent findings: Noncontrast computed tomography has become the most universally used imaging tool for diagnosing urolithiasis, although ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging maintain specific roles. Noncontrast computed tomography may provide prognostic information regarding the success of specific management strategies for urolithiasis. Additionally, noncontrast computed tomography is being tested in lower-radiation dose protocols with promising results.
Summary: Considering the well supported accuracy and relative ease of use of noncontrast computed tomography, it has become a logical choice for the urologist to use the technique as a diagnostic tool for stone disease. The future of imaging for intervention and surveillance of stone disease lies in the continued progress of noncontrast computed tomography in terms of patient safety. This will need to be done by developing low-dose radiation computed tomography that can replicate the efficacy of current noncontrast computed tomography.