The Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH), also known as Histiocitosis X it is an illness not very frequent granulomatosus etiology not clarified yet, that it can have different manifestations and localizations, however the thymic localization as initial and exclusive place gives presentation HCL it is quite unusual. The present case is presented a patient that debuted with a clinical unspecific, where the tests give image they put she gives apparent a mass in previous mediastinum and that after the pathologic and immunohistochemical analysis they evidenced a proliferation Langerhans s cells and eosinophils it being positive for CD1a and S-100 confirming the diagnosis of the LCH.