Assessment, prevention, and treatment of bacterial infection in donors are critically important to the welfare of grafts and recipients after transplantation. Transmission of bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoan infections from a donor to recipient(s) has been documented to have serious or fatal consequences. This article reviews issues of bacterial infection only. The organ procurement coordinator, supported by guidelines developed and prospectively modified by the organ procurement organization, must assess the donor for the presence and severity of bacterial tissue invasion and administer appropriate antimicrobial agents during donor care. Continuation of infection control measures, obtaining serial or surveillance samples for culture, review of antibiotic sensitivity data, initiation of empiric treatment, and modification of medications or their dosing are components of this important responsibility during donor care.