The aim of this research is to study the effect of neodymium ion on the cell wall structure of Staphyloccocus aruea using transmission electron microscope, amino acid analyzer, infrared absorption spectrometry (IR). Experimental results show that Nd3+ can change the shape and the structure of the cell wall of Staphyloccocus aruea NdCl3 with lower concentration than the bacteriostatic concentration can help to synthesize the cell wall structure of Staphyloccocus aruea. Nd3+ with higher concentration than the bacteriostatic concentration can break the peptide bond and the hydrogen bond so as to break the net structure in the peptideoglycan cell.