The health benefits and costs of a national diabetes screening and prevention scenario are estimated among Australians ages 45-74. The Australian Diabetes Cost-Benefit Model is used to compare baseline and scenario outcomes from 2000 to 2010. Those newly diagnosed in 2000 receive intensive care, resulting in lower complication rates. People "at high risk" of developing diabetes are offered lifestyle intervention, reducing the numbers developing diabetes. A total of 115,000 people became "newly diagnosed." Among those deemed at high risk, 53,000 avoided developing diabetes by 2010. Average yearly intervention and incremental treatment cost was AU$179 million, with a cost per disability-adjusted life-year of AU$50,000.