Phalloplasty using radial forearm osteocutaneous free flaps in female-to-male transsexuals

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2009 Mar;62(3):309-17. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2007.11.011. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

Abstract

Gender reassignment operations in female-to-male transsexuals are increasing in number as the skill of phalloplasty develops. The authors are performing phalloplasty 1 year after undergoing mastectomy, reduction of nipples, oophrectomy and hysterectomy in female-to-male transsexuals. The ideal penile reconstruction should be a single-stage procedure, creating a phallus with both tactile and erogenous sensibility, water-tight neourethra allowing for voiding in the standing position, enough bulk with stiffness, and an aesthetically acceptable appearance. We performed phalloplasty with radial forearm osteocutaneous free flaps on 40 female-to-male transsexual patients from March 1991 to December 2005. We investigated the results with regard to aesthetic and functional status and complications through physical examinations and interviews over a period of 14 years. The results are as follows: In conclusion, we have been able to construct a good phallus with radial forearm osteocutaneous free flaps that is aesthetically and functionally acceptable. In addition, complications have been minimal.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Artificial Organs*
  • Female
  • Forearm / surgery*
  • Gender Identity
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Penile Implantation / methods*
  • Penis*
  • Plastic Surgery Procedures / methods
  • Sensation
  • Surgical Flaps / blood supply
  • Tissue and Organ Harvesting
  • Transsexualism / psychology
  • Transsexualism / surgery*
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Urination