Assessment of spine bone mineral density in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: impact of scan projection

J Clin Densitom. 2008 Apr-Jun;11(2):302-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2007.10.005. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

Abstract

Although children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are at risk for vertebral fractures, recent conventional posterior-anterior (PA) spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry studies reported minimal areal bone mineral density (aBMD, g/cm2) deficits. Width-adjusted BMD (WA-BMD, g/cm3) represents the bone mineral content (BMC) from the lateral projection, excluding the dense cortical spinous processes, divided by the estimated vertebral body volume based on paired PA-lateral bone dimensions. Therefore, WA-BMD may be more sensitive to JIA effects on the predominantly trabecular vertebral body. Age- and sex-specific Z-scores for spine aBMD and WA-BMD were generated in 84 JIA subjects compared with healthy controls, aged 5-21 yr. JIA was associated with lower mean WA-BMD Z-scores (-0.78, 95% CI: -1.03, -0.53; p<0.001) and aBMD Z-scores (-0.26, 95% CI: -0.49, -0.02; p<0.05), compared with controls. WA-BMD Z-scores were significantly lower than aBMD Z-scores in JIA (p<0.001). A significant JIA by age interaction (p<0.001) indicated that the magnitude of the difference between WA-BMD and aBMD Z-scores was greater in younger subjects. In conclusion, WA-BMD may be more sensitive to disease effects in children because it selectively measures the trabecular-rich vertebral body and is independent of growth-related changes in BMC of the dense spinous processes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Absorptiometry, Photon / methods*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Arthritis, Juvenile / diagnostic imaging*
  • Bone Density*
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Chi-Square Distribution
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lumbar Vertebrae / diagnostic imaging*
  • Male