The article presents the conception of medical maintenance of Armed Forces of RF on the period up to 2012 year, which defines organizational, financial, socially-juridical bases of building of medical service of Armed Forces of RF and of medical maintenance during war and peace. The mission of creating double-level system of medical maintenance for Armed Forces of RF presupposes resubjection of military-medical institution of central control of types, branches of forces, of principal and central governances to the Chief of Main Military Medical Governance of Defense Establishment of RF, and the others--to chiefs of different medical services of military command and navy, on the area they are dislocated. The change-over to the double-level system permits optimize the infrastructure of the medical service of Armed Forces of RF with reduction of backup institutions, diagnostically-therapeutic units.