Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a collaborative and participatory approach to professional training to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission.
Setting: Healthcare settings in Ghana.
Methods: Two 5-day workshops were conducted for high-level nurse educators and leaders who could contribute to national policy development. A combination of didactics, skill development sessions, field experiences, and development of draft national guidelines and curriculum were used. Outcomes evaluated were pre-to-post training changes in HIV knowledge and attitudes and changes in practice within selected healthcare settings. One-month follow-up visits (times not specified to participants) were used to evaluate outcomes.
Results: At post-test, significantly fewer participants thought HIV was transmitted by saliva, sweat, or tears (chi square, p less than .0001), and significantly fewer reported hesitation to care for an HIV-infected patient because of lack of understanding about mode of transmission or because of lack of supplies, such as gloves (chi square, p less than .01). In field observations, there was an overall 42% improvement in specific infection control practices.
Conclusions: A collaborative and participatory approach to training can result in significant changes in infection control practices, even in settings with limited resources.