On the basis of analysis of the results of treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in 115 patients, the authors, recommend for more precise establishment of a diagnosis and choice of a method for surgical intervention, to perform in patients with axial hiatal hernia roentgenoscopy and roentgenography of the stomach and intestine, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and pH-metry, and in patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia--roentgenography of the chest and contrast roentgenological study of the stomach and intestine. In axial hiatal hernia and small paraesophageal hernia, the A. A. Shalimov operation is a method of choice; in large paraesophageal hernia--the left-sided thoracotomy with plasty of the hiatus according to Allison and Belsey.