An educational process in clinical residency is discussed in terms of the results of anonymous questionnaire survey: the respondents were 77 residents in anesthesiology. A significant proportion (28%) of the trainees felt knowledge shortage and even more (47%) were diffirent in their own professional future. There were serious problems regarding practical training organization. Half of the trainees pointed out patients' inaccessibility. In the residents' opinion, the best clinical teacher is a staff anesthetist (42%) or assistant professor (39%). The vast majority (84%) of the trainees believe that one tutor should teach more than two trainees. The ways of solving these or those problems in clinical residency training and the prospects for primary postgraduate education in anesthesiology are discussed.