Self-stabilized magnetic polymeric composite nanoparticles (SS-MPCPs) were prepared by emulsifier-free miniemulsion polymerization using styrene (St) as a monomer, sodium p-styrenesulfonate (NaSS) as an ionic comonomer, hexadecane (HD) as a hydrophobe, and 2,2'-azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator in the presence of hydrophobic magnetite particles. The hydrophobic magnetite particles with an average size of about 10 nm were prepared by the acidification of the water-based magnetite ferrofluid, previously synthesized by a chemical coprecipitation method. Some colloidal features of the synthesized SS-MPCPs were analyzed. The morphology and the particle size distributions (PSDs) of the SS-MPCPs were observed and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface charge density was determined by conductometric titration. The surface hairy layer and the colloidal stability of SS-MPCPs against different electrolytes were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The average Fe3O4 content of SS-MPCPs was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) was used to analyze the magnetic properties of the SS-MPCPs under dry conditions. The results show that the encapsulation of magnetite is successful and the distribution of magnetite particles inside SS-MPCPs is mainly in the core of the particles. The best SS-MPCPs prepared had a relatively narrow PSD, exhibited superparamagnetism, and possessed some magnetic response.