Objective: Endovascular repair (EVAR) has been increasingly used for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs), especially in major academic centers. The goal of this article is to report our results with an EVAR-first approach for rAAA which we adopted in 2001 in our community hospital.
Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent attempted repair for rAAA between February 2001 and July 2006 were analyzed. Only patients with computed tomographic or visual verification of extraluminal blood were included.
Results: A total of 40 patients (30 men; mean age, 76.4 +/- 7.2 years; range, 57-89 years) presented with rAAA. Thirty patients underwent attempted EVAR for rAAA, constituting 4.1% of all EVAR cases (n = 738), and 10 patients had attempted open repair. Twenty-one (53%) were transferred from another institution. Computed tomography was performed in 97.5%. On arrival to the emergency department, 43%% were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg). Transfemoral balloon occlusion was used in 12 cases (30%; 10 in the EVAR group and 2 in the open group). The length of operation was 128 +/- 35 minutes (range, 77-210 minutes) in EVAR cases. EVAR was completed in 93.3% (iliac anatomy and proximal endoleak caused open conversion in two cases). Out of the 10 open treated cases, 1 was converted to EVAR and survived. The grafts used for EVAR were AneuRx (n = 21), Zenith (n = 5), and Ancure (n = 4), and 97% were bifurcated. Five patients (16.6%) in the EVAR group died within 30 days (four required balloon occlusion). The mean length of stay was 9.1 +/- 6.2 days (range, 4-30 days) in survivors of EVAR. In the EVAR-treated group, two patients died (7 and 9 months; unrelated), and six of the surviving patients (23%) required secondary procedures (five femorofemoral bypasses for limb occlusions and one proximal cuff for a type I endoleak that caused repeat rupture) during a mean follow-up of 13.8 +/- 10.4 months (range, 3-39 months). The mortality rate was 40% (4/10) in patients who underwent open procedures during this period, with an overall mortality rate of 22.5% for all ruptures treated. The difference in 30-day mortality in the EVAR and open groups did not reach statistical significance (17% vs 40%; P = .19). In the entire cohort, hypotension (systolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg) on arrival and loss of consciousness were associated with 30-day mortality. Balloon occlusion was correlated with mortality in the EVAR-treated group (44% vs 4%; P = .019). The multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that hypotension (odds ratio [OR], 7.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-42.0; P = .025), loss of consciousness (OR, 37.5; 95% CI, 3.4-40.8; P = .003), and the need for balloon occlusion (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.8-25.5; P = .042) were correlated with higher perioperative mortality, whereas age greater than 76 years, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes, renal insufficiency, and type of procedure did not.
Conclusions: Our results show that EVAR is feasible with favorable outcomes in patients presenting with rAAA in a busy community hospital. There is a high secondary intervention rate, which can potentially be decreased by ensuring good iliac limb anatomy at the end of the procedure and by a closer follow-up.