Evaluation of physicochemical properties, skin permeation and accumulation profiles of ketorolac fatty ester prodrugs

Biol Pharm Bull. 2007 Nov;30(11):2211-6. doi: 10.1248/bpb.30.2211.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, skin permeation and accumulation profiles of model lipophilic ketorolac fatty ester (esters) prodrugs. Ketorolac linoleate (C18:2), oleate (C18:1) and stearate (C18:0) were evaluated for their solubility, capacity factor, enzymatic hydrolysis, chemical stability, and skin permeation and accumulation profiles using the combination of common permeation enhancing techniques such as the use of supersaturated solution of permeants in the enhancer vehicle, lipophilic receptor solution, enhancer pretreatment of skins, removal of stratum corneum and delipidization of skins etc. Esters were highly lipophilic, chemically stable for the duration of observation, enzymatically unstable in hairless mouse skin/liver homogenates and plasma, and impermeable into the receptor solution. Absence of skin permeation, relative enzymatic stability during permeation and chemical stability of these esters could delineate preliminary possibilities for designing safer topical agents without systemic absorption.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Administration, Cutaneous
  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / chemistry
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / pharmacokinetics*
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Drug Stability
  • Esters / pharmacokinetics
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Hydrolysis
  • Ketorolac / analogs & derivatives*
  • Ketorolac / chemical synthesis
  • Ketorolac / chemistry
  • Ketorolac / pharmacokinetics*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Hairless
  • Molecular Structure
  • Molecular Weight
  • Permeability
  • Prodrugs / chemical synthesis
  • Prodrugs / chemistry
  • Prodrugs / pharmacokinetics*
  • Skin Absorption*
  • Solubility
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Temperature

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Esters
  • Prodrugs
  • Ketorolac