CT evaluation of shock viscera: a pictorial review

Emerg Radiol. 2008 Jan;15(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s10140-007-0676-z. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to review both the pathophysiology and the computed tomography features of the hypoperfusion complex and shock viscera. The main findings include dilated fluid-filled loops of bowel with hyperenhancing mucosa, intensely enhancing kidneys and mesenteric vasculature, and small caliber, dense aorta and collapsed, slit-like inferior vena cava. Variable features include increased enhancement of the adrenals, decreased enhancement of the spleen, and altered enhancement of the pancreas with both hypo- and hyperenhancement described. This complex of findings indicates a tenuous hemodynamic status and has been associated with a poor prognosis. In addition, it is important to discern this collection of findings from direct injury to the viscera to aid in appropriate triage and management of the patients' injuries.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Hypotension / complications*
  • Shock / diagnostic imaging*
  • Shock / physiopathology*
  • Shock, Traumatic / diagnostic imaging
  • Shock, Traumatic / physiopathology
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed*
  • Viscera / diagnostic imaging*
  • Viscera / physiopathology*