Setting: Tuberculosis (TB) is frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, but its treatment is hampered by adverse events and paradoxical reactions.
Objective: To examine the impact of HIV infection and other factors on the risk and spectrum of adverse events related to anti-tuberculosis treatment in a prospective cohort study conducted between January 2003 and August 2004.
Results: Of 105 patients treated for TB, 30 were HIV-infected. The overall incidence of adverse events was 122.5 +/- 18.5 per 100 patient-years (py) and the incidence of severe adverse events was 45.2 +/- 11.3/100 py. Age >50 years (OR 2.2, 95%CI 1.01-4.8, P = 0.046) and HIV infection (OR 3.9, 95%CI 2.1-7.5, P < 0.001) were independently associated with a higher risk of adverse events. Hepatitis (30.5/100 py) and neuropathy (28.6/100 py) were the most frequent adverse events. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with hepatitis (OR 4.2, 95%CI 1.2-15.0, P = 0.028) and neuropathy with HIV infection (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.1-13.7, P = 0.040).
Conclusion: Adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs are frequent. HIV infection and age >50 years are factors associated with such reactions, while hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for hepatitis.