Salt stress responses of 23 asparagus bean cultivars were evaluated using 14-day-old seedlings after 15-day exposure to 75 mM NaCl in a hydroponics culture system. Salt-induced changes in plant growth and morphology, photosynthetic capacity, cell membrane integrity, and cellular protection enzyme systems as well as other physiological and biochemical traits were investigated to identify genotypic variability in salt response. This study also analyzed heredity parameters and correlation of the salt response index (SRI). Salt stress suppressed seedling growth and simultaneously reduced leaf area, content of chlorophyll and soluble proteins, net assimilation rate, as well as dry matter accumulation. In contrast, leaf blade cell membrane relative permeability, content of malondialdehyde, and antioxidant enzyme activity were elevated after salt treatment. Analysis of the heredity parameters has identified that the 18 investigated traits have different genotypic variance of the SRI values. Based on Ward's distances estimated for the sum of square variance in the SRI values, all the cultivars were classified into 2 discrete salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive clusters. Findings from this study will provide theoretical bases for identification and breeding of salt-tolerant cultivars in asparagus bean.