In Poland 13 measles cases were registered in 2005 (0.03 per 100,000 population). Three cases occurred in unvaccinated persons, 7 in persons vaccinated with one dose and 3 in vaccinated with two doses of measles vaccine (administered at the age of 13-15 months and 7 years). The most affected age groups were 1- and 2-year old children (incidence in both age groups 0.57 per 100,000 population) and 6-year olds (0.52). There were no hospitalizations or deaths associated with measles. Poland participates in the WHO Measles Elimination Strategy. Presently, the most important is the maintenance of a sensitive and timely surveillance of measles and measles-compatible cases, with serologic testing of one suspect case per 100,000 population. The performance of the surveillance system was insufficient with only 67 measles-compatible cases reported in 2005 (18% of expected reports). Serologic confirmation of cases was also insufficient, with no cases confirmed in WHO accredited laboratory, 1 case confirmed at a non accredited laboratory and 12 cases diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. These results indicate the need to improve measles surveillance system performance in Poland.